Venture capital and innovative start-ups valuation: the business case of Mosaicoon
Abstract
This article analyzes the decline of one of the best well-known and promising European start-ups: Mosaicoon L.t.d. The business case is emblematic of many bankruptcies caused by strategies focusing on the expectations of continuous growth of economic capital and based on unconventional performance indicators, without considering the economic-financial results and self-financing. The expectations of return on capital are extremely high and this forces one to undertake risky growth paths with very high expected return rates. This also happens in the absence of an advanced and effective capital market. Venture capitalists, even when they are public, cannot compensate for these excesses. The analysis of the case contributes to the debate on the complex topic of assessing the potentiality of start-ups and it provides useful suggestions to operators (venture capitalists, business angels, startuppers, investors, etc.) for greater prudence in considering the non-financial performance indicators. Start-ups do not produce economic results in the early stage, so they may also be valued by using non-financial metrics. However, unconventional indicators cannot be the only parameters for evaluating. When the firm is a start-up without meaningful financial information, it is more appropriate to refer to a reliable business plan drawn up on rigorous estimates of expected incomes and cash flows.
References
R. C. Merton, On the pricing of corporate debt: the risk structure of interest rates, The Journal of Finance, 29(2), 1974, 449–470
A. Runfola, A. Perna, E. Baraldi, and G. L. Gregori, The use of qualitative case studies in top business and management journals: A quantitative analysis of recent patterns, European Management Journal, 35(1), 2017, 116–127
C. Mari, Metodi qualitativi di ricerca. I casi aziendali (Turin: Giappichelli editore, 1994).
P. Corbetta, Metodologie e tecniche della ricerca sociale (Bologna: Il Mulino, 2014).
R. K. Yin, Validity and generalization in future case study evaluations, Evaluation, 19(3), 2013, 321–332, 2013
A. Damodaran, The dark side of valuation: Valuing young, distressed, and complex businesses (Upper Saddle River-New Jersey: Pearson Education, inc., 2009).
B. Klandermans and S. Staggenborg, Methods of social movement research (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press., 2002).
K. M. Eisenhardt, and M. E. Graebner, Theory Building From Cases: Opportunities and Challenges, Academy of Management Journal, 50(1), 25–32
M. Noor K. B., Methodology, Case Study: A Strategic Research, American Journal of Applied Sciences, 5(11), 2008, 1602–1604
N. Di Paola, R. Spanò, A. Caldarelli, and R. Vona, Hi-tech start-ups: legitimacy challenges and funding dynamics, Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 30(3), 2018, 363–375
L. Guatri, Trattato sulle valutazioni delle aziende (Milan: Egea, 1988).
D. Nicolò, Young firms’ sustainability and corporate reputation: A comparison of the survival rates in the US and EU, in J. Vasile Andrei and D. Nicolò (Eds.), Sustainable entrepreneurship and investments in the green economy (Hershey Pa: IG Global, 2017).
D. Nicolò, La vulnerabilità delle imprese nella fase di start-up. Analisi ed interpretazione delle cause (Turin: Giappichelli editore, 2019)
D. Nicolò and B. Ricca, Under-Capitalization and Other Factors that Influence the Survival of Young Italian Companies, International Journal of Advance s in Management and Economics, 8(2), 2019, 37–51
[S. Caselli, Da startup a scale-up: è tempo di cambiare narrativa, Economia e Management, 2(1), 2018, 85–90
F. E. Rubino and O. Ferraro, La valutazione delle Internet company, in R. Maglio (Ed.), La valutazione d’azienda in particolari settori (Milan: Giuffrè editore, 2017).
M. E. Porter, Strategy and the Internet, Harvard Business Review, March, 2001, 63–78
J. Rifkin, The third industrial revolution: how lateral power is transforming energy, the economy, and the world (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011).
J. Rifkin, The third industrial revolution: How the internet, green electricity, and 3-d printing are ushering in a sustainable era of distributed capitalism, World Financial Review, 1(1), 2012, 4052–4057.
M. E. Porter, Competitive advantage. Creating and sustaining superior performance (New York: The Free Press, 1985).
J. R. Nofsinger and W. W., Determinants of start-up firm external financing worldwide, Journal of Banking & Finance, 35(9), 2011, 2282–2294.
R. Lamboglia, Il controllo della reputazione finanziaria nel sottosistema delle relazioni azienda-banche (Turin: Giappichelli editore, 2017).
M. V. Cannice, Getting in on the university business plan competition circuit, Entrepeneur Europe, October 19, 2004.
C. T. Wen and Y. W. Chen, The innovation process of entrepreneurial teams in dynamic business plan competition: from sense-making perspective, International Journal of Technology Management, 39(3/4), 2007, 346–363.
R. Russell, M. Atchison, and R. Brooks, Business plan competitions in tertiary institutions: encouraging entrepreneurship education, J. High. Educ. Policy Manag., vol. 30, no. 2, 2008, 123–138.
L. W. Ross and K. A. Byrd, “Business plan competitions: Start-up ‘idols’ and their twenty-first century launch pads,†Journal of Higher Education Theory and Practice, 11(4), 2011, 53–64, 2011.
G. Mariani, L. Bartoloni, and D. Morelli, “Managing uncertainty in the start-up environment: is a business plan an incentive or a limitation?,†Management Control, 1(1), 2019, 73-96.
L. Marchi, A. Paolini, and A. Quagli, Strumenti di analisi gestionale. Il profilo strategico. Turin: Giappichelli editore, 2003.
P. W. Roberts and G. R. Dowling, Corporate reputation and sustained superior financial performance, Strategic Management Journal, vol. 23(12), 2002, 1077–1093.
R. Chun, Corporate reputation: Meaning and measurement, International Journal of Management Reviews, 7(2), 2005, 91–109.
G. Walsh and S. E. Beatty, Customer-based corporate reputation of a service firm: Scale development and validation, Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 35(1), 2007, 127–143.
G. Walsh, V.-W. Mitchell, P. R. Jackson, and S. E. Beatty, Examining the Antecedents and Consequences of Corporate Reputation: A Customer Perspective, British Journal of Management, 20(2), 2009, 187–203.
D. D. Bergh, J. David J. Ketchen, B. K. Boyd, and J. Bergh, New Frontiers of the Reputation-Performance Relationship: Insights From Multiple Theories,†Journal of Management, 36(3), 2010, 620–632.
R. Ali, R. Lynch, T. C. Melewar, and Z. Jin, The moderating influences on the relationship of corporate reputation with its antecedents and consequences: A meta-analytic review, Journal of Business Research, 68(5), 2015, 1105–1117.
D. Nicolò, Towards a theory on corporate reputation and survival of young firms, in 2nd International Conference “Economic Scientific Research - Theoretical, Empirical and Practical Approaches†(Bucharest: Elsevier, 2015).
D. Nicolò, Reputazione aziendale e sostenibilità delle imprese in fase di start-up, in F. Culasso and M. Pizzo (Eds.), Identità , innovazione e impatto dell’aziendalismo italiano. Dentro l’economia digitale (Turin: Collane@unito.it., 2019).