Understanding Transnational Entrepreneurship
Abstract
Research on transnational entrepreneurs has augmented in the last ten years mainly as migration flows have increased considerably as reflected in different studies on transnationalism. The reason for the migration has also differed from only monetary reasons. Transnational Entrepreneurship is a rapidly emerging aspect of International Business (IB) expansion that was insignificant only a few short decades ago. The emerging research field is the result of an interface of social and regional sciences and the transnational entrepreneurs (TEs) have the ability to generate a greater and more efficient business than their counterparts operating in a single country. Transnational entrepreneurs are self-employed immigrants who live abroad but maintain strong business linkages to community members in their home countries thereby enhancing their Competitive Advantage (CA). The present study reviews the literature on transnational entrepreneurship. The aim of this paper is to contribute to the literature on transnational entrepreneurship by providing an overview of the characteristics, drivers, typology, prospects, challenges, policy implications and understanding the theoretical framework of their relationship between the home and host countries of these studies.References
Isuara Flores, Marilyn Young, Jim Tarter (2010 ) The transnational entrepreneur: an initial overview of factors affecting international strategies, International Journal of Business Strategy, ISSN: 1553-9563, Issue: 4.
McDougall PP, Oviatt BM (2000) “International entrepreneurship: The intersection of two research paths, Academy of Management Journal, 43:902-906.
Israel Drori, Benson Honig, Mike Wright, (2009) “Transnational Entrepreneurship: An Emergent Field of Studyâ€, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice.
Yeung H (2002) Entrepreneurship in international business: An institutional perspective, Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 19(1):29-61.
IOM (2008) World Migration: Managing Labour Mobility in the Evolving Global Economy, page 500.
Crick D, Chaudhry S (2010) An investigation into UK based Asian entrepreneurs‟
perceived competitiveness in overseas marketsâ€, Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 22(1):5-23:.
Portes Alejandro (2007) Migration, Development, and Segmented Assimilation: A Conceptual Review of the Evidence,†Annals of The American Academy of Political and Social Science 631 (1).
Handlin Oscar (1973) The Uprooted. The Epic Story of the Great Migrations that Made the American Peopleâ€, 2nd edn, Boston, MA: Little, Brown
Thomas William I, Znaniecki, Florian (1984) The Polish Peasant in Europe and America, 1918–1920, edited and abr. by Eli Zaretsky, Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press
Alejandro Portes. Luis E Guarnizo, Patricia Landolt, (1999) The study of transnationalism: pitfalls and promise of an emergent research field, Ethnic and Racial Studies 22:2.
Roger Waldinger, David Fitzgerald (2004) Transnationalism in Question, American Journal of Sociology, 109(5):1175-95.
Glick Schiller, Nina, Basch, Linda And Blanc-Szanton, Cristina (1992) „Towards a Transnationalization of Migration: Race, Class, Ethnicity, and Nationalism Reconsidered‟, The Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 645:24
Levitt P, Jaworsky N (2007) Transnational migration studies: past developments and future trends, Annual Review of Sociology 33:132,129-156.
Levitt P (2001) The Transnational Villagers. Berkeley: Univ. Calif. Press
Alvaro Lima (2010) Transnationalism: A new mode of Immigrant Integration, The Mauricio Gaston Institute, University of Massachusetts, Boston.
Glick Schiller N, Basch LG, Szanton Blanc C. (1992) Towards a Transnational Perspective on Migration: Race, Class, Ethnicity, and Nationalism Reconsidered.New York: NY Acad. of Sciences.
Steven Vertovec (1999) Conceiving and Researching Transnationalismâ€, Ethnic and Racial Studies, 22:2.
Alejandro Portes, Guarnizo LE, Haller WJ (2002) Transnational entrepreneurs: an alternative form of immigrant economic adaptation. Am. Sociol. Rev. 67:278-98
Levitt P, Glick Schiller N (2004) Conceptualizing simultaneity: a transnational social field perspective on society. Int Migr Rev 38:1002-39
Smith RC (2006) Mexican New York: Transnational Lives of New Immigrants. Berkeley: Univ. Calif. Press
Wenhong Chan, Justin Tan (2009) “Understanding Transnation al Entrepreneurship through a network lens: Theoretical and Methodical considerationsâ€, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 1079-91.
Drori I, Honig B, Ginsberg A (2010) “Researching transnational entrepreneurship: an approach based on the theory of practiceâ€, in Honig, B., Drori, I. and Carmichael, B. (Eds), Transnational and Immigrant Entrepreneurship in a Globalized World, University of Toronto Press, Toronto, pp. 3-30.
Tanja Pavlov, JelenaPredojevićâ€Despić, Svetlana Milutinović Brikena Balli, EldisaZhebo, KostaBarjaba, Bernard Zeneli, 2014, “Transnational Networks, Transnational Entrepreneurship And The Role Of The State: The Cases of Serbia And Albaniaâ€, ISBN 978â€86â€86001â€62â€7, group 484, Regional Research Promotion Programme, Western Balkans, Institute of Social Sciences, the University of Fribourg
Aldrich, HE, Waldinger R (1990) Ethnicity and entrepreneurshipâ€, Annual Review of Sociology, 16:111-135.
Aldrich HE, Cater J, Jones T, Mc Evoy D (1983) From periphery to peripheral: The South Asian petite bourgeoisie in England, Research in Sociology of Work, Vol 2, ed 1, I. H. Simpson and R.Simpson, pp no – 1-32, Greenwich, Conn, JAI.
Alejandro Portes (1995) Transnational Communities: Their Emergence and Significance in the Contemporary World System (series #16). In Keynote Address 19th Annual Conference on the political economy of the World- System: Latin America in the World-Economy. Working paper. Miami, FL: North-South Centre, University of Miami.
Dana LP, Etemad H, Wright RW (1999) Theoretical foundations of international entrepreneurship. Global Strategic Management, 7:3-22.
Chaganti R, Greene PG (2002) Who are ethnic entrepreneurs? A study of entrepreneur‟s ethnic involvement and business characteristics. Journal of Small Business Management, 40(2):126-143.
Zhou M (2004) Revisiting ethnic entrepreneurship: convergencies, controversies, conceptual advancements. International Migration Review, 38(3):1040-1074.
Vertovec S (2004) Trends and Impacts of Migrant Transnationalism (WP-04-03). Oxford, U.K.: Centre on Migration, Policy and Society.
Rukiye Isil Yavuz (2011) The Outsider Entrepreneurs: The Role of Founders‟ Immigrant Status in the Internationalization and Performance of High Technology New Ventures, University of Minnesota.
International Dialogue on Migration (2010) Migration and Transnationalism:Opportunities and Challenges International Organization for Migration, March.
Glick Schiller Nina (1999) Transmigrants and Nation States: Something Old and Something New in the U.S. Immigrant Experience. Pp. 94-119 in Handbook of International Migration, the American Experience, edited by C. Hirschman, P. Kasinitz, and J. DeWind. New York: Russell Sage.
Dave Crick Shiv Chaudhry (2013) An exploratory study of UK based, family-owned, Asian firms' motives for internationalizing. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 20(3):526-547
Crick D, Chaudhry S, Batstone S (2001) An investigation into the overseas expansion of Asian-owned SMEs in the UK clothing
industry. Small Business Economics, 16:75-94.
Michael Peter Smith, Luis Eduardo Guarnizo (1998) Transnationalism from Below, Comparative Urban and Community Research, V6.
Portes Alejandro (2001) Introduction: the debates and significance of immigrant transnationalism. Global Networks 1(3):181â€193.
Itzingsohn Jose et al. (1999) Mapping dominican transnationalism: Narrow and broad transnational practices. Ethnic and Racial Studies 22(2):316â€339.
Newland Kathleen, Hiroyuki Tanaka (2010) Mobilizing Diaspora Entrepreneurship for Development. Washington, DC: Migration Policy Institute.
