International Journal of Advances in Management and Economics

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE MECHANISMS AND PROFITABILITY OF LISTED DEPOSIT MONEY BANKS IN NIGERIA

Udeme Charles Joe, Joseph O. Udoayang, Eno Gregory Ukpong — Fri, 14 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0530

The main objective of this study was to examine the effect of corporate governance mechanisms on the profitability of listed deposit money banks in Nigeria. The independent variable being corporate governance mechanism was proxied by board expertise and board gender diversity while the dependent variable being profitability was proxied by return on capital employed. The research design adopted for this study was the ex post facto research as the secondary data were employed. The population of this study was fourteen listed deposit money banks in Nigeria. The method of data analysis employed was the ordinary least square regression analysis and the statistical package employed was SPSS version 21. Based on the analysis of the data, it was found out that board expertise has a positive but insignificant effect on the return on capital employed; board gender diversity has a significant positive effect on return on capital employed of listed deposit money banks in Nigeria. Thus it was concluded that board monitoring mechanisms have significant effect on profitability of listed deposit money banks in Nigeria. Based on this, it was recommended that the management of deposit money banks in Nigeria should not overlook the importance of diverse experiences on their boards despite the lack of statistical significance. Also that listed deposit money banks in Nigeria should actively promote gender diversity on their boards. Encouraging the inclusion of more female directors can lead to broader perspectives, enhanced decision-making processes, and ultimately, improved profitability as proven by this study.

Keywords: Corporate governance mechanism, profitability, return on capital employed, board expertise, board gender diversity.

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE MECHANISMS AND INVESTORS’ CONFIDENCE OF LISTED CONSUMER GOODS COMPANIES IN NIGERIA

Robson Ezekiel Udosen, Dorathy Christopher Akpan — Fri, 14 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0530

In recent years, corporate governance has received increased attention because of high-profile scandals involving abuse of corporate power and, in some cases, alleged criminal activity by corporate officers. Several multinational companies have been exposed to the worst corporate scandals as a result and it is believed that these mechanisms make investors to view organizations in diverse ways. On this note, this study investigated the effect of corporate governance mechanisms on investors’ confidence of listed consumer goods companies in Nigeria. Corporate governance mechanisms used in the study were; board size, board gender diversity and board independence while investors’ confidence was measured using earnings multiple. The population of this study was 21 consumer goods companies listed on the Nigerian Exchange Group (NGX) while 18 consumer goods companies were the final sample size after employing purposive sampling technique. Secondary data were extracted from the annual reports of these companies and analysed using panel least square regression techniques. The results of the analysis revealed that board size and board gender diversity have significant negative effect on earnings multiple of the companies under study, while board independence has no significant effect on earnings multiple of these companies. Thus, it was concluded that corporate governance mechanisms have varying levels of effect on investors’ confidence, and it was recommended that companies should advocate for smaller board size and a less gender-diverse board in order to improve their investors’ confidence.

Keywords: Corporate governance, investors’ confidence, earnings yield, board size.

The EFFECT OF WORK DISCIPLINE AND COMPENSATION ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE THROUGH MOTIVATION AS INTERVENING VARIABLES IN SALES UNITS PT PETROKIMIA GRESIK

Kurnia Azhar Nur, Yuniningsih Yuniningsih, Hesty Prima Rini — Fri, 14 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0530

Abstract: Employee performance is very important to the overall success of a company. The research aims to determine the effect of work discipline and compensation on employee performance through motivation as an intervening variable. This type of research is quantitative research. This research uses samples from the PT Petrokimia Gresik Sales Unit. The sampling technique used was saturated sampling or census of sales units with a total of 125 respondents. Meanwhile, the data analysis technique used is the PLS (Partial Least Square) method, through validity tests, realism tests and hypothetical tests. The research results show that the Work Discipline variable does not contribute to employee performance. Compensation variables contribute to employee performance. Motivation variables can mediate work discipline on employee performance. Motivation variables can mediate compensation on employee performance.

Keywords: Work Discipline, Compensation, Motivation and Employee Performance.

FINANCIAL INCLUSION AND INCOME INEQUALITY IN WAEMU: THE ROLE OF INSTITUTIONAL QUALITY

Konan Abogni Augustin Kouadio, Mounoufié Valery Koffi — Fri, 14 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0530

The aim of this study is to examine the role of institutional quality in the relationship between financial inclusion and income inequality. The study covers the 8 WAEMU countries over the period 2006-2022. Methodologically, we use traditional conditional mean methods such as FMOLS and DOLS to analyze the long-term relationship between the variables. The results indicate that, in the long term, financial inclusion reduces income inequality. This effect is accentuated when government efficiency is taken into account. Heterogeneity is examined using moment quantile regression (MMQR). The results show that the reducing effect of financial inclusion and of the interaction between financial inclusion and government effectiveness becomes stronger at higher quantiles. The same finding applies to the coefficients of the urbanization variable. The exacerbating effect of the interest rate on loans diminishes in the upper quatiles. In terms of implications, measures aimed at reinforcing financial inclusion policies, and particularly digital inclusion, are desirable. In order to ensure that financial inclusion has a perenial effect in reducing income inequalities, the quality of institutions (government effectiveness) is required.

Keywords: Financial inclusion, Institutions, Income inequality, UEMOA.

AN ASSESSMENT ON THE INFLUENCE OF PSYCHOSOCIAL ENVIRONMENT ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE IN THE COUNTY ASSEMBLY OF MERU KENYA

Mutiga Eric Murira, Robert Obuba — Mon, 01 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0530

The devolution process led to a large number of staff being transferred from the national government to county governments. However, human resource management became a major challenge for most counties due to limited capacity. Consequently, there has been widespread job dissatisfaction among county government employees, which could negatively impact both employee and overall county assembly performance. Thus, there is a need to implement motivational strategies to improve employee performance and achieve desired outcomes. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between psychosocial environment and employee performance in the Meru County Assembly in Kenya. Theoretical framework used was Maslow's hierarchy of needs. Additionally, this research will utilize a descriptive research method. The study will target 118 employees in human resources, finance/accounting, marketing, operations, research/development, and information/communication technology departments at the county assembly. A census method will be used to select respondents, making the sample size 118 participants. Data collection will utilize a structured questionnaire. A pilot test will evaluate the questionnaire's validity and reliability. Using SPSS version 28.0, descriptive statistics such as percentages, means, standard deviations, and frequencies will analyze the quantitative data. Information from open-ended questions will be examined via narrative analysis. Also, correlation analysis will assess the strength of association between variables.

Keywords: Psychosocial environment, Performance, Maslow’s theory.

LABOR AND WORK PARTICIPATION IN INDIA: A GENDER-SPECIFIC ANALYSIS OF TRENDS AND INFLUENCING FACTORS

Ajay Sood, Poonam Kumari, Ritesh Singh — Mon, 01 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0530

The study delves into multifaceted dimension of female labor force participation and its intricate interplay with workforce dynamics in India. It is analyzed that the role of female labor and work participation is changing advantageously in comparison to male labor force participation and male workforce participation. The female labor participation is high in rural areas with 4.32 per cent CAGR and female workforce participation is also high in urban areas with 4.94 per cent CAGR from 2011-12 to 2022-23. The correlation identifies that labor force participation of female is positively correlated with labor force participation of total persons, work force participation of total person and with crime against the women. Study also shows the negative correlation of female in rural and urban areas with unemployment rate. This study suggests strategies to address various issues of female labor force to overcome barrier and to promote gender equality and create a more inclusive and supportive environment for women in the workforce.

Keywords: Female, labor force, Work force, Participation, Correlation, Growth.

AN ASSESSMENT OF PROJECT MANAGER’S LEADERSHIP SKILLS ON PERFORMANCE OF NGOS PROJECTS IN MARSABIT COUNTY, KENYA

Jillo Elema Galgalo, Robert Obuba — Tue, 02 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0530

Project managers assume a crucial role in shaping the design, development, and execution of projects. To excel in this capacity, project managers need to equip themselves with a comprehensive skill set, allowing them to effectively manage various stakeholders and guarantee project triumph. The present study sought to explore the influence of leadership skills possessed by project managers on the performance of projects within Marsabit County, Kenya, particularly within the context of NGOs. To accomplish this objective, Contingency theory provided the theoretical framework for the study. The research design encompasses both descriptive and explanatory elements, with stratified sampling serving as the methodology for selecting the projects under scrutiny. In this endeavor, a sample size comprising 160 respondents has been chosen. Structured questionnaires were disseminated to respondents to facilitate data collection, and the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was employed to analyze the gathered data. The analysis involved employing statistical measures such as standard deviation, frequencies, mean, and percentages to elucidate the interrelationships between various study variables. Further, Pearson correlation and multiple regression analyses were carried out to unveil the intricate associations among these variables. The study revealed that while project leadership exhibited a positive correlation with project performance, this relationship did not reach statistical significance. The study recommends implementing robust project leadership skills like communication, engaging stakeholders throughout the project lifecycle, and adopting strategic problem-solving techniques and tools to address project challenges effectively.

Keywords: Leadership, Contingency Theory, skills, performance, project.